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    <title>EconStor Collection: Discussion Papers, Abteilung Wirtschaftswandel und Beschäftigung, WZB</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/43898</link>
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      <title>Labour Unions, business co-ordination and economic adjustment in Western Europe, 1980 - 90</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/44125</link>
      <description>Title: Labour Unions, business co-ordination and economic adjustment in Western Europe, 1980 - 90
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&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Hancké, Bob
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper discusses the development of labour relations during the 1980s in Western Europe. It argues that a proper understanding of the different trajectories indifferent countries cannot be understood by taking into account either state policies or employers preferences alone. Through their local sections, labour unions are ableto impose costs on employers when these want to reorganise firms in order to adapt to changing markets exigencies. Adjustment therefore is conditioned by the organisation of employers in the economy, and of unions in the firm. The paper combines these two dimensions, and discusses their impact upon patterns of adjustment in labour relations during the 1980s in Germany, Sweden, Belgium, theUK, France and the Netherlands</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Oct 1995 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>Financial systems and industrial policy in Germany and Great Britain: the limits of convergence</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/44124</link>
      <description>Title: Financial systems and industrial policy in Germany and Great Britain: the limits of convergence
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Vitols, Sigurt
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: A widely held view is that, since the 1970s, the nation-state has suffered a significant reduction in its capacity to achieve national economic policy goals through the regulation of the financial system; as a result, national political economies are now characterized by a market-driven convergence towards financial systems dominated by privately-owned, internationally-active financial supermarkets with weak links to both industry and government. Through a comparison of Germany and Great Britain, this paper critically examines this thesis and poses the following two questions: (1) What implications do the lifting of capital and exchange controls and the reorientation of monetary policy to anti-inflationary policies have for the states capacity to regulate financial systems? and (2) What implications does this regulatory discretion (if any) have for industrial finance and the state's capacity to utilize the financial system to achieve microeconomic industrial policy goals? In response to these questions, it is demonstrated how the state has retained significant regulatory autonomy in ways which have significant consequences for industrial finance and industrial policy.</description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 1994 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Industrial restructuring and industrial relations in the European car industry: Instruments and strategies for employment</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/44123</link>
      <description>Title: Industrial restructuring and industrial relations in the European car industry: Instruments and strategies for employment
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Hancké, Bob
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper deals with the situation in the European car industry since the crisis of the early 1990s. After a short review of the structural problems of the industry and the main responses by car manufacturers, the discussion shifts to a detailed analysis of labour union responses. The paper discusses two broad stages in labour responses. The first consisted of the traditional social plans and early retirement measures that had been at the core of labour union strategies before. The second is a broader strategy, which trades working time reduction, working time flexibility and wage concessions for job security and investment guarantees. A detailed analysis of such agreements in five carproducing European countries - Germany, France, Spain, the UK and Belgium - as well as two detailed case studies of the competitive dynamic between local unions in different countries prompted by these agreements -- in GM Europe and Renault -- illustrates the main strengths and weaknesses of this strategy. While these agreements may be able to secure employment, they also install a competitive spiral on working conditions among unions. The paper then discusses the contours of an alternative strategy that attempts to avoid interunion competition, and the role for institutions such as European Works Councils in this alternative.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 1997 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>German banks and industrial finance in the 1990s</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/44122</link>
      <description>Title: German banks and industrial finance in the 1990s
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&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Deeg, Richard
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper examines the role of the banking system in the German model ofindustrial development. It argues that the banks continue to fulfill several of theirtraditional functions in industrial finance, despite dramatic changes in financial regulation and the internationalisation of product and capital markets. This helps explain the successful adjustment of German industry since the early 1970s. The success of the traditional financial system, however, is at the same time a barrier to the creation of new high-tech industries - a major competitive challenge for Germany. Moreover, an emerging dualism in the banking system is evident as large Germanfirms increasingly seek an Anglo-Saxon style financial market with emphasis onsecurities financing, while small and medium size enterprises continue to rely on the traditional system of long-term bank financing. In this sense Germany is attemptingto combine its traditional bank-based finance system with Anglo-Saxon market-based finance, hoping to achieve the advantages of each system and eliminate the disadvantages. Success in this endeavor has been modest.</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Oct 1995 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
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