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    <title>EconStor Community: Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester</title>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50729">
    <title>Pluriactivity, entrepreneurship and socio-economic success of rural households</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50729</link>
    <description>Title: Pluriactivity, entrepreneurship and socio-economic success of rural households
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: De Silva, Ranmuthumalie; Kodithuwakku, Sarath S.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Pluriactivity has been identified in literature as a capital accumulation strategy. However, it has also been recognized as a survival strategy particularly in a resource constrained environment. Accordingly, it is questionable as to what extent pluriactivitity leads households to be socio-economically better off. This leads to the question 'in a given context, whether certain other factors such as motive and entrepreneurial qualities also play a role in determining the success besides being pluriactive?'. This debate has a greater significance particularly in rural contexts of developing countries since a transformation from a traditional agricultural based rural economy to a more diversified economy has been observed in the past few decades. Accordingly, it is intended to address this issue through research carried out to compare and contrast better-off and worse-off pluriactive households in a given locality in Sri Lanka based on their motive to become pluriactive (pull and/or push), the portfolio of income generation activities carried out and their entrepreneurial qualities. Multiple data collection methods were used and the data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings were supplemented with quantifiable evidence when necessary in order to increase the validity of the conclusions.The study site was a typical example of a resource constrained environment and pluriactivity has been identified as a strategy implemented by both income groups in order to increase their household resources. For better-off households, being pluriactive was initially due to push motives which have later been transformed into pull motives. In contrast, for worse-off households being pluriactive has always been a push motive. The better-off households have diversified into more off-farm income generation activities and hence their dependency on agriculture was lower than that of worse-off households who were mainly dependant on agricultural related diversification. In addition, the better-off households exhibited more entrepreneurial qualities as they extract values from the environment without regard to the resources owned by them. Based on these patterns, it could be concluded that being motivated by pull factors (at least after some years of initiation), diversifying into off-farm income generation activities and being entrepreneurial have paved the way for pluriactive rural households to be socio-economically better-off.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50728">
    <title>The impact of universities on regional innovation: A critique and policy implications</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50728</link>
    <description>Title: The impact of universities on regional innovation: A critique and policy implications
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Uyarra, Elvira
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: The impact of universities on the economic wellbeing and innovative potential of regions has been the object of intense scholarly and policy interest in the last years. Despite this interest, a clear picture is missing in relation to the roles universities are seen to play, the benefits of HEI activities and the mechanisms through which they occur. This paper proposes a review and a critique of current views on the role of universities and their associated policy implications. This paper argues that the literature provides a fragmented account of HEIs regional engagement and highlights the need for an integrated approach combining firm-level considerations, with institutional and strategic issues affecting universities engagement, and regional specific determinants shaping localised interactions.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50727">
    <title>International policy coordination for collaboration in S&amp;T</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50727</link>
    <description>Title: International policy coordination for collaboration in S&amp;T
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Edler, Jakob
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper discusses an increasingly important, yet challenging development, the international coordination of nationally rooted policies or funding schemes to support international collaboration in science and technology (S&amp;T). It conceptualizes ways in which government ministries or agencies can realise synergies when it comes to supporting international activities of their researchers. Although the principles developed for international coordination can be generalized, it is set in the context of the European Research Area (ERA). Existing conceptual and empirical analysis has shown that coordination of policy to foster international S&amp;T collaboration is by and large rather poor even domestically. The paper argues that international coordination of national policies for international S&amp;T collaboration meets an additional set of challenges that need to be tackled systematically. The conceptual considerations presented in this chapter can lay the basis for an analysis of current coordination activities. They can, however, also be utilised to design systematic coordination schemes for policies geared towards international collaboration as they provide the major elements of strategic approach for such an international coordination approach.</description>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50726">
    <title>Opening the black box: Adoption of innovations in voluntary organisations</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50726</link>
    <description>Title: Opening the black box: Adoption of innovations in voluntary organisations
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Nugroho, Yanuar
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Despite the considerable attention paid to research into the adoption of technological innovations in government agencies and business firms, little attention has been paid to other types of organisations such as voluntary organisations (VOs). As a result, many things remain unknown: the patterns of uptake and adoption in VOs, the process of the transformation both of the organisations and the way they implement the innovation, and its implication. This paper attempts to address these problems. By presenting the case of Indonesian VOs at a theoretical level, this research is concerned with the diffusion of innovation and the effects on the practice of VOs and voluntary movements. These concerns are explored by examining two related empirical issues: (i) the links between innovation and organisational performance, and (ii) the construction of innovation diffusion and impacts in organisations that define those links.</description>
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