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    <title>EconStor Community: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich</title>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54718">
    <title>Does export concentration cause volatility?</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54718</link>
    <description>Title: Does export concentration cause volatility?
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Busch, Christian J.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper investigates the causal influence of export concentration on measures of aggregate volatility. Geographically disadvantaged countries often have a concentrated export structure which makes them more vulnerable to external shocks. Identifying causal effects of export concentration on volatility faces severe problems of endogeneity, however. Based on a gravity approach, we suggest an inequality decomposition method which allows the construction of an aggregate measure of export concentration where all of its components are determined entirely by countries' geographic characteristics. Since this measure is plausibly uncorrelated with other determinants of volatility, it is used as an instrument for ex-port concentration to obtain instrumental variables estimates of the effect of export concentration on volatility. Results from two-stage least squares instrumental variables regressions reveal that export concentration has a particularly strong effect on volatility in terms of trade and on volatility in export growth rates but we cannot confirm a casual influence on the volatility of exchange rates.</description>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54717">
    <title>No country for old men: Aging dictators and economic growth</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54717</link>
    <description>Title: No country for old men: Aging dictators and economic growth
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Jong-A-Pin, Richard; Mierau, Jochen O.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper develops a model of the relationship between the age of a dictator and economic growth. In the model a dictator must spread the resources of the economy over his reign but faces mortality and political risk. The model shows that if the time horizon of the dictator decreases, either due to an increase of mortality risk or political risk, the economic growth rate decreases. The model predictions are supported by empirical evidence based on a threeway fixed effects model including country, year and dictator fixed effects for a sample of dictators from 116 countries. These results are robust to sample selection, the tenure of dictators, the definition of dictatorship, and a broad set of economic growth determinants.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54716">
    <title>Competition and persistence of R&amp;D</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54716</link>
    <description>Title: Competition and persistence of R&amp;D
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Wörter, Martin
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper investigates the R&amp;D persistence of R&amp;D active firms in different markets with different intensities of competition, based on firm-level panel data for the period 1996-2008. In a dynamic setting of the empirical model it turns out that persistence is strongly related to market competition (measured by the number of principal competitors). Persistence of R&amp;D expenditures is more likely to be observed in markets with few principal competitors (between 6 and 10) and is very unlikely to be observed in polypolistic type of markets (more than 50 competitors). These results call for a stronger coordination between competition policy and innovation promotion policy, since the former basically aims at larger markets with many competitors, while the latter aims at persistence of R&amp;D efforts and thus markets with fewer competitors.</description>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54715">
    <title>International business cycles: How do they relate to Switzerland?</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54715</link>
    <description>Title: International business cycles: How do they relate to Switzerland?
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Graff, Michael
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper investigates the R&amp;D persistence of R&amp;D active firms in different markets with different intensities of competition, based on firm-level panel data for the period 1996-2008. In a dynamic setting of the empirical model it turns out that persistence is strongly related to market competition (measured by the number of principal competitors). Persistence of R&amp;D expenditures is more likely to be observed in markets with few principal competitors (between 6 and 10) and is very unlikely to be observed in polypolistic type of markets (more than 50 competitors). These results call for a stronger coordination between competition policy and innovation promotion policy, since the former basically aims at larger markets with many competitors, while the latter aims at persistence of R&amp;D efforts and thus markets with fewer competitors.</description>
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