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    <title>EconStor Community: United Nations University (UNU)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/45038</link>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63621">
    <title>Remittances and financial inclusion in development</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63621</link>
    <description>Title: Remittances and financial inclusion in development
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Toxopeus, Helen S.; Lensink, Robert
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: In this paper we focus on the relationship between remittance inflows and financial inclusion in developing countries. We present single equation estimates on remittances and financial inclusion, and system estimates in which economic growth is explained by e.g., financial inclusion, and financial inclusion by, e.g., remittances inflows. These regressions clearly confirm our main hypothesis that remittances have a development impact through their effect on financial inclusion. Overall, our paper indicates the importance of studying the effects of remittances in developing countries. Remittances, in terms of size, are not only one of the main capital inflows in developing countries, often even more substantial than ODA, but they also appear to have a robust positive effect on economic growth.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63620">
    <title>Unofficial trade when states are weak: the case of cross-border commerce in the Horn of Africa</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63620</link>
    <description>Title: Unofficial trade when states are weak: the case of cross-border commerce in the Horn of Africa
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Little, Peter
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper addresses informal cross-border trade in the Horn of Africa, with an emphasis on the Somalia borderlands. It will be shown that despite the collapse of a government in 1991, Somalia’s unofficial exports of cattle to Kenya have grown considerably during the past 13 years. It will be argued that while informal exports and imports of animals are illegal in Kenya and Ethiopia, local institutions and agreements allow the trade to function ‘on the ground’ in the absence of official recognition. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of informal cross-border commerce in regions of weak administrative control. – cattle ; livestock ; Somalia ; markets</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63619">
    <title>Poverty mapping with aggregate census data: What is the loss in precision?</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63619</link>
    <description>Title: Poverty mapping with aggregate census data: What is the loss in precision?
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Minot, Nicholas; Baulch, Bob
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Spatially disaggregated maps of the incidence of poverty can be constructed by combining household survey data and census data. In some countries (notably China and India), national statistics agencies are reluctant, for reasons of confidentiality, to release household-level census data, but they are generally more willing to release aggregated census data, such as village- or district-level means. This paper examines the loss in precision associated with using aggregated census data instead of householdlevel data to generate poverty estimates. We show analytically that using aggregated census data will result in poverty rates that are biased downward (upward) if the rate is below (above) 50 percent and that the bias approaches zero as the poverty rate approaches zero, 50 percent, and 100 percent. Using data from Vietnam, we find that the mean absolute error in estimating district-level poverty rates is 2.5 percentage points if the census data are aggregated to the enumeration-area level means and 3-4 percentage points if the data are aggregated to commune or district level. Finally, we propose a method for reducing the error using variances calculated from the census. Applying this approach to the Vietnam data, we show that this method can cut the size of the aggregation errors by around 75 percent.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63618">
    <title>The formation of a mercantilist state and the economic growth of the United Kingdom 1453 - 1815</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63618</link>
    <description>Title: The formation of a mercantilist state and the economic growth of the United Kingdom 1453 - 1815
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: O'Brien, Patrick Karl
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: New institutional economics lacks a theory of state formation which could help us to deal with the mega question of why some states became more efficient than others at establishing and and sustaining institutions. Some kind of middle range theory could be formulated based upon historical case studies. This paper considers the case of Britain and as its title suggests degrades the myth of the United Kingdom as the paradigmn example of liberalism and laisser faire. In making its precocious transition to and industrial market economy the kingom’s history is best represented as a case of successful mercantilism. – military ; sovereignty ; mercantilism ; political economy ; taxation</description>
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