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    <title>Local Financial Development and Household Welfare: Microevidence from Thai Households</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54736</link>
    <description>Title: Local Financial Development and Household Welfare: Microevidence from Thai Households
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Gloede, Oliver; Rungruxsirivorn, Ornsiri
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: We provide new micro evidence on the discussion about the relationship between financial development and welfare. Relying on the concept of local financial development our analysis focuses on three dimensions of household welfare: vulnerability to poverty, investment, and consumption smoothing. Even though we cannot find a significant effect on vulnerability, we provide evidence that financial development is correlated with higher investment and better possibilities to smooth consumption. The extent of both effects is also economically significant. Our results hold for alternative specifications and variations in the measurement of financial development.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/49460">
    <title>Modern Day Slavery: What Drives Human Trafficking in Europe?</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/49460</link>
    <description>Title: Modern Day Slavery: What Drives Human Trafficking in Europe?
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Hernandez, Diego; Rudolph, Alexandra
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: At a time of increased attention on the international agenda for human trafficking, this paper examines the determinants of human trafficking inflows in to 13 European countries based on official records. By employing a fixed effects zero-inflated, negative binomial gravity-type model, we address data characteristics appropriately. The econometric analysis suggests that human trafficking occurs in well established routes for migrants and refugees. Victims are more likely to be transported to, and exploited in, host countries with suboptimal institutional quality levels. Countries whose nationals do not require a visa for short term visits are especially prone to being potential source countries. Legal status and regulation of commercial sex services does not affect the pattern of trafficking flows.</description>
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    <title>Becoming obsolete: Bankruptcy through technological progress</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/49163</link>
    <description>Title: Becoming obsolete: Bankruptcy through technological progress
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Kleinert, Barbara
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper studies product obsolescence, the entry and exit of firms, and the evolution of firm size as foundation of endogenous economic growth. I develop a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogenous firms to analyze firm behavior in an economic environment that is characterized by a growing knowledge base. It uses a simple mechanism of knowledge diffusion that induces growth of the general knowledge base. The growing knowledge base forces small firms using the least knowledge intensive production processes to leave the economy, since competition from new entrants is tougher, since they developed their products starting from a larger knowledge base. Exiting firms are found to be smaller and less productive than survivors. Another main insight of the model is the evolution of a cohort's firm size distribution.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/49162">
    <title>Welfare entry and exit among natives and immigrants</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/10419/49162</link>
    <description>Title: Welfare entry and exit among natives and immigrants
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Wunder, Christoph; Riphahn, Regina T.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper uses panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to analyze welfare entry and exit among natives and immigrants after a substantial reform of the welfare system (``Hartz reform''). Using results from dynamic multinomial logit models, we calculate transition matrices between three mutually exclusive labor market states (inactivity, employment, welfare receipt) for five groups: natives, all immigrants, EU citizens, non-EU citizens, and immigrants with German citizenship. The empirical results show that temporal persistence in welfare participation can for the most part be explained by observed and unobserved characteristics. In general, immigrants appear to have a higher risk of welfare entry and a lower probability of welfare exit compared to natives. We find no evidence of a failure of the welfare system in the sense that it creates a welfare trap. Instead, the immigrant-native gap in welfare dependence arises from an insufficient labor market integration and an increased risk of unemployment for immigrants. The analysis identifies non-EU citizens, who are mostly of Turkish origin or citizens of the successor states of former Yugoslavia, as a group with particularly poor labor market prospects: they have the lowest employment stability, the highest persistence in welfare participation, the highest welfare entry rate, and the lowest welfare exit rate.</description>
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