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https://hdl.handle.net/10419/13
2024-03-29T13:46:15ZRückverteilung der Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung: Das Versprechen der Politik endlich einlösen, aber nicht in Form des Klimageldes!
https://hdl.handle.net/10419/283895
Title: Rückverteilung der Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung: Das Versprechen der Politik endlich einlösen, aber nicht in Form des Klimageldes!
Authors: Frondel, Manuel; Schmidt, Christoph M.
Abstract: Die CO2-Bepreisung für fossile Kraft- und Brennstoffe wurde 2021 eingeführt, um deren Verbrauch zum Zwecke des Klimaschutzes zu reduzieren. Um bei steigenden CO2-Preisen eine breite Akzeptanz zu sichern, sollte die Politik diese Einnahmen wieder komplett an die Verbraucher zurückgeben. Bislang soll dies in Form jährlicher Pauschalbeträge geschehen. Um die Bevölkerung und die Unternehmen schneller und unkompliziert zu entlasten, sollte die Bundesregierung die Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung, die dem Klima- und Transformationsfonds (KTF) zufließen, besser dafür verwenden, Komponenten des Strompreises zu senken, vor allem die Netzentgelte. Durch die Absenkung der Strompreise würden sowohl die privaten Haushalte als auch Unternehmen, besonders kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU), deutlich entlastet - für Unternehmen entstünden neue Investitionsanreize und die Wirtschaft könnte stärker wachsen. In Zeiten massiver finanzieller Engpässe beim Klima und Transformationsfonds wäre es klug, die knappen Mittel so zu verwenden, dass damit zugleich die Energiewende vorangebracht und die Unternehmen sowie die Bevölkerung entlastet werden. Das würde durch eine Verwendung der KTF-Mittel zur Senkung der Netzentgelte und der zahlreichen Umlagen auf den Strompreis der Fall sein, nicht aber bei Auszahlung eines Klimageldes.2024-01-01T00:00:00ZThe role of tenure security in farmers' decision-making on investment in improved seeds: Insights from mental models
https://hdl.handle.net/10419/284401
Title: The role of tenure security in farmers' decision-making on investment in improved seeds: Insights from mental models
Authors: Murken, Lisa; Krähnert, Kati; Van den Broek, Karlijn; Adriko, John; Gornott, Christoph
Abstract: This paper applies a mental model approach to study the role of tenure security in farmers' decisionmaking on agricultural investment in Uganda. We investigate the role that both perceived tenure security and formal land rights, measured by the possession of land certificates, play. Our focus is on investment in improved seeds, a widely applied strategy in agricultural development and climate change adaptation. The study design leverages the roll-out of a large land demarcation and registration project, which creates exogenous variation in farmers' tenure security. Results show that, in contrast to expectations derived from economic theory, tenure security plays only a minor role in farmers' decision-making process to invest in improved seeds. Out of 15 potential factors determining a farmer's investment decision, both perceived tenure security and possession of a land certificate are among the least chosen factors, regardless of whether or not households participated in the land registration project. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that female-headed households value formalized land rights more than male-headed households.2024-01-01T00:00:00ZDrought, livestock holding, and milk production: A difference-in-differences analysis
https://hdl.handle.net/10419/284396
Title: Drought, livestock holding, and milk production: A difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Abebe, Meseret B.; Alem, Yonas
Abstract: Climate change is making El Niños more frequent and intense. Therefore, understanding the effects of El-Niño-induced climatic events is essential to designing effective coping and adaptation strategies. We identify the impact of the 2015-16 El-Niño-induced large-scale drought on smallholder farmers' livestock holding and milk production using nationally representative data collected before and after the drought. We show that drought reduced milk production and livestock holding by 25.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Heterogenous impact analysis suggests that asset-rich households sold livestock and financed feed purchases, which insulated their milk production from the drought. In contrast, asset-poor households kept their livestock despite the severe drought and absorbed all the decline in milk production. Our findings have important implications for formulating safety net and adaptation programs targeting smallholder farmers and the livestock sector in a rapidly changing climate.2024-01-01T00:00:00ZBiased expectations and labor market outcomes: Evidence from German survey data and implications for the East-West wage gap
https://hdl.handle.net/10419/282989
Title: Biased expectations and labor market outcomes: Evidence from German survey data and implications for the East-West wage gap
Authors: Balleer, Almut; Duernecker, Georg; Forstner, Susanne; Goensch, Johannes
Abstract: We measure individual bias in labor market expectations in German survey data and find that workers on average significantly overestimate their individual probabilities to separate from their job when employed as well to find a job when unemployed. These biases vary significantly between population groups. Most notably, East Germans are significantly more pessimistic than West Germans. We find a significantly negative relationship between the pessimistic bias in job separation expectations and wages, and a significantly positive relationship between optimistic bias in job finding expectations and reservation incomes. We interpret and quantify the effects of (such) expectation biases on the labor market equilibrium in a search and matching model of the labor market. Removing the biases could substantially increase wages and expected lifetime income in East Germany. The difference in biases in labor market expectations explains part of the East-West German wage gap.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z