@techreport{Fertig2004Shot,
abstract = {The German practice of compelling weak students to repeat a class has come
under heavy criticism recently. Many observers fear that this practice is, at
best, useless or even counterproductive. However, little is known so far on the
consequences of having to repeat a class, as compared to be confronted with
new course material in the next class.This paper, therefore, aims at generating
empirical evidence on the effect of class repetition on individual educational
attainment. Since an experimental study is precluded,we utilize an instrumental
variable approach to control for unobserved heterogeneity between
respondents.Our estimation results suggest that there exists a negative association
between repeating a class and educational attainment. However, taking
unobserved heterogeneity into account yields a statistically significant and
quantitatively substantial positive effect of class repetition on educational
outcomes.},
author = {Michael Fertig},
copyright = {http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen},
keywords = {I21; J13; 330; Schooling Degree; Instrumental Variables Estimation; Bildungsniveau; Bildungsverhalten; Sch\"{a}tzung; Deutschland},
language = {eng},
number = {No. 19},
title = {Shot Across the Bow, Stigma or Selection? : The Effect of Repeating a Class on Educational Attainment},
type = {RWI Discussion Papers},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/18570},
year = {2004}
}
